What Is Proposal Writing in Business

As a form of persuasive writing, a proposal attempts to convince the recipient to act in accordance with the writers intent and at the same time, it outlines the writers goals and methods. There are multiple types of business proposals and one type of academic proposal—the research proposal. As different as these may be, they all follow a certain set of guidelines. What Is a Proposal? In the book Knowledge Into Action,  Wallace and Van Fleet remind us that a proposal is a  form of persuasive writing; every element of every proposal should be structured and tailored to maximize its persuasive impact.  Ã‚   In  composition,  especially in  business and technical writing,  a proposal is a document that offers a solution to a problem  or a course of action in response to a need. On the other hand, in academic writing,  a research proposal is a report that identifies the subject of a forthcoming research project, outlines a research strategy, and provides a bibliography or tentative list of references. This form can also be called a topic proposal. Common Types of Business Proposals From Jonathan Swifts satiric A Modest Proposal to the foundations of the United States government and national economy put forth in Benjamin Franklins An Economical Project, there is a wide variety of forms a proposal can take for business and technical writing. The most common are the internal, external, sales, and grant proposals. Internal Proposal An internal proposal or justification report is composed for readers within the writers department, division, or company and is generally short in the form of a memo with the intention of solving an immediate problem. External Proposal External proposals, on the other hand, are designed to show how one organization can meet the needs of another. They may be either solicited, meaning in response to a request, or unsolicited, meaning without any assurance that the proposal will even be considered. Sales Proposal A sales proposal is, as Philip C. Kolin puts it in Successful Writing at Work, the most common external proposal the purpose of which is to sell your companys brand, its products, or services for a set fee. Regardless of the length, a sales proposal must offer a detailed description of the work the writer proposes to do and can be used as a marketing tool to entice potential buyers. Grant Proposal Finally, a grant proposal is a document or an application completed in response to a call for proposals issued by a grant-making agency. The two main components of a grant proposal are a formal application for funding and a detailed report on what activities the grant will support if funded. Structure of a Business Proposal Business proposals are somewhat similar to business plans, in that they outline your businesss mission and vision and provide concrete steps towards your goals. The proposals may be formal and informal, but they tend to follow one type of structure and should be tailored to your product and your customers needs If you find yourself writing an informal business proposal, you can skip the research-exhaustive steps outlined below and simply stick with a comprehensive overview of your points without necessarily backing them up with research. If your task is to write a formal business proposal, you can omit or adjust certain parts, but you need to include a lot of research. Sections of a Typical Business Plan Title PageTable of ContentsExecutive SummaryStatement of the Problem/Customers NeedsProposed Solution (With Methodology)Your Bios and QualificationsPricingTerms and Conditions Suggestions for a Successful Proposal Proofread your writing multiple times and even have someone else read it for you.Your executive summary should be extremely strong. Think of it as an extended elevator pitch, where every sentence and every word are loaded with meaning.Make sure you show that you understand and restate your audiences needs accurately and completely.Sell your project on both logical and psychological levels. Be clear about the steps of your methodology and align your solution and your overall mission with your audiences values. Research Proposals When enrolled in an academic or writer-in-residence program, a student may be asked to write another unique form of proposal, the research proposal. This form requires the writer to describe the intended research in full detail, including the problem the research is addressing, why its important, what research has been conducted before in this field, and how the students project will accomplish something unique. Elizabeth A. Wentz describes this process in How to Design, Write, and Present a Successful Dissertation Proposal, as your  plan  for  creating new knowledge.  Wentz also emphasizes the importance of writing these in order to provide structure and provide focus on the objectives and methodology of the project itself. In Designing and Managing Your Research Project, David Thomas and Ian D. Hodges also note that the research proposal is a time to shop the idea and project out to peers in the same field, who can provide valuable insight into the projects objectives. Thomas and Hodges note that colleagues, supervisors, community representatives, potential research participants, and others can look at the details of what you are planning to do and provide  feedback, which can help solidify methodology and importance as well as catch any mistakes the writer may have made in their research. Best Practices for Writing Research Proposals When undertaking a large project such as writing an academic proposal, make sure you familiarize yourself with your universitys guidance and consult your advisor. Similarly to the business proposals, research proposals also tend to follow a certain template, such as the one outlined below. With research proposals, too, you have the flexibility of excluding certain parts. However, some sections need to be included no matter what, and as such, they have been bolded for you. Sections of a Typical Research Proposal Purpose of a Research ProposalTitle PageIntroductionLiterature ReviewResearch Design and MethodsImplications and Contribution to KnowledgeReference List or BibliographyResearch ScheduleBudgetRevisions and Proofreading Key Questions No matter whether you decide to write a comprehensive research proposal and devote yourself extensively to every section mentioned above or if you simply address a few of them, you should always make sure you answer the following questions: What do you plan to accomplish?Why do you want to do the research?How are you going to conduct the research? Sources Wallace, Danny P., and Van Fleet Connie Jean.  Knowledge into Action: Research and Evaluation in Library and Information Science. Libraries Unlimited, 2012.Kolin, Philip C.  Successful Writing at Work. Cengage Learning, 2017.Wentz, Elizabeth A.  How to Design, Write, and Present a Successful Dissertation Proposal. SAGE, 2014.Hodges, Ian D., and David C. Thomas.  Designing and Managing Your Research Project: Core Knowledge for Social and Health Researchers. SAGE, 2010.

A Blizzard Under Blue Sky Essay - 769 Words

English Composition II Rhetorical Analysis of an argument March 11, 2012 â€Å"A Blizzard under blue sky† The story â€Å"A Blizzard under blue sky† by Pam Houston is about a woman who is not happy and very depressed. She makes a decision to go out into the wilderness. The woman believes that this adventure is the best cure for her even if it means death. She refuses to take any drugs that her doctor tries to prescribe her. She suffers from depression. Her friend Alex is very concerned about his friend and wonders why she would go out knowing that a bad snow storm is headed that way. So he offers her something that she can stay warm with, he offers her a heavy sleeping bag that is thickly layered for the coldest of winter days for her†¦show more content†¦When I heard Jessica crying and saw the dog looking into my face I told him â€Å"Georgie go see why Jessica is crying†. Next thing I knew he went off running and she was quiet so I went to check on her and there they were in the bed sleeping, he comfort her. Even though a snow storm was coming, she decided to go on her winter camping trip anyway. It was like something was calling her out there. But in the event of her wilderness trip she was starting to feel better. There was a positivity her in her life that was growing and the depression had started to fade by the activities she is doing. Her experience of sleeping in below freezing caves, digging out of a snow barricades with the help of Jackson and Hailey. She was doing things her and her dogs would never have dreamed of. She admits that her very cold and freezing adventure has helped her appreciate the beauty of life and her winter wilderness experience. She was starting to feel like she belong and was appreciating the value of her life and her surroundings. â€Å"A Blizzard under blue sky† gave her a new lease on life and a spark of rejuvenation. There are times when trouble and negative situations weigh us down. We need to have a winter wilderness experience trip to revise the soul. Some may call it a sabbatical and others call it RR (REST AND RELAXATION). The woman in the story â€Å"A Blizzard under Blue Sky† knew she needed a turn around. Having bad relationships with men surelyShow MoreRelatedA Blizzard Under Blue Sky - 12539 Words   |  11 Pageslike a swift ride through river rapids, as well as beautifully written and funny. In A Blizzard Under Blue Sky, the exhilaration comes from sharing a winter adventure in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, while the beauty of the writing is exemplified by this magical description of snow: [it] stopped being simply white and became translucent, hinting at other colors, reflections of purples and blues and grays. Much of the humor in the story is based on the American fondness for believingRead MoreCharacterization in Pam Houston’s â€Å"A Blizzard Under Blu e Sky† 1631 Words   |  7 PagesCharacterization in Pam Houston’s â€Å"A Blizzard Under Blue Sky† Houston’s â€Å"A Blizzard Under Blue Sky† explores and exhibits the idea of psycho-physical experience of being in the natural world to heal one’s psychological and emotional ailments through its invigorating contact. The narrative, by drawing on the theme of depression, relates how the narrator, seeing â€Å"everything in [her] life†¦uncertain† (Houston 185), goes winter-camping alone in the high country; undergoes a chilling near-death experience;Read MorePerceiving Dogs Equal Vs Inferior. Inferior1648 Words   |  7 PagesPerceiving Dogs Equal vs. Inferior In general, dogs are associated with loyalty, companionship, and aid. In Pamela Houston’s â€Å"A Blizzard Under Blue Sky,† the narrator attempts to treat her depression through experiencing the adventure of spending a night outside in the cold weather of Utah. Then, the narrator becomes successful in her adventure with the support and assistance of her two dogs, Hailey and Jackson. On the contrary, in Jack London’s â€Å"To Build a Fire,† a â€Å"man† is traveling along theRead MorePerceiving Dogs Equal Vs. Property1589 Words   |  7 PagesPerceiving Dogs Equal vs. Property In general, dogs are associated with loyalty, companionship, and aid. In Pam Houston’s â€Å"A Blizzard Under Blue Sky,† the narrator attempts to treat her depression through experiencing the adventure of spending a night outside in the cold weather of Utah. Then, the narrator becomes successful in her adventure with the support and assistance of her two dogs, Hailey and Jackson. On the contrary, in Jack London’s â€Å"To Build a Fire,† a â€Å"man† is traveling along the YukonRead MoreConquering Mental Illness Depression Essays986 Words   |  4 Pagesto develop drugs, or new counselling techniques to help defeat this terrible foe, but perhaps neither of these solutions are the answer to defeating depression once and for all. Pam Houston suggests another solution in her short story â€Å"A Blizzard under Blue Sky†. Houston’s story begins with the narrator being diagnosed with clinical depression, yet she refuses to take medication o ffered by the doctor to help her overcome depression. Rather than taking medication, she decided to go winter campingRead MoreChapter : A Short Story1512 Words   |  7 Pagesshe put on her boots and mittens. Theo put his hat on and Carly once again loved the way his hair curled out from under it. He looked so young and virile, like a man who was ready to conquer the world. He’d have to settle for battling the elements for now. The blizzard was bound to stop at some point; a fact that made Carly uneasy. Only yesterday, she’d been desperate for clear skies, and now the prospect wasn’t as appealing. Theo was one hundred percent behind the shift. Two steps out the frontRead MoreThe Portal In The Lake Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe Portal in the Lake Crack! My heavy, black leather boots snapped twigs and leaves alike as I trekked through the forest. My dark blue jeans were soaked with sweat, even though it was March. My black, furry vest, complete with survival tools, covered my long-sleeved, sky blue, fleece-lined sweater. My navy-blue backpack held a change of clothes, food, and other necessities. My dark turquoise iPhone 6s was resting in my vest pocket. â€Å"C’mon!† I called to my eleven-year-old twin brother, Jake, whoRead MoreThe Sun - Original Writing1648 Words   |  7 PagesIt was a warm and cozy afternoon, with the temperature reaching 75 degrees Fahrenheit. The never-ending sky stretched across the landscape, painting a splash of vibrant blue with a few white puffs of cotton cloud in between. The sun rays were still shining brightly, casting shadows across a wide field full of green grass. The sounds of various birds chirping could be heard clearly everywhere, and occasionally a butterfly would fly arou nd, landing gently on the ever-fragile petals of the Clarie flowersRead MoreThe Dominant Race: A Sci-Fi Short Story1347 Words   |  5 Pagessnow-covered sidewalk. Skyscrapers and apartment complexes towered over the bustling crowds and the heavy bumper-to-bumper traffic. Impatient taxi drivers cursed and honked away at the careful drivers. Every so often, the ground under my feet rocked with the passing of the under ground city train. While walking through the New York City, the scene of a bustling workday and the towering steel skyscrapers transformed into a scene of jubilant children playing with miniature dragons surrounded by old brickRead MoreThe Dust Bowl1192 Words   |  5 PagesRays of golden sunlight were piercing the blue sky. Today was a hot day. There had been no rain in the last month. A young child was playing in the field while his father was harvesting the crops. The boy was playing among the newly harvested golden vegetables. There were a lot more vegetables than he remembered from years past. The boy knew they were going to sell most of this harvest. Where are the other plants that he remembered? Why was corn the only thing growing? Why is it in straight lines

Visual Description Nefertiti Free Essays

For my visual description, I decided to write about Infertility from Outmost, created between BCC. Infertility represents royalty, and many women view her as a symbol for beauty. Found in the city of Kathleen along other items in the sculptor studio that represented the royal family. We will write a custom essay sample on Visual Description Nefertiti or any similar topic only for you Order Now This three dimensional limestone sculpture standing 20†³ tall, represents the wife of Pharaoh Generate. Modeling her face to make it look subtle, the artist used very thin layers of plaster. Looking at this sculpture, one would feel as they are looking at a life like person, which is why it’s remarkable. The plaster starts thin to define her face and becomes thicker when creating the neck and the head dress. The pupil of the right eye was created with what appears to be black paint, but the left eye doesn’t have a pupil present. Infirmities teal colored crown, has a gold band looped around the bottom. A ribbon is wrapped around her crown, with each end stopping above her left and right ear. A erasures (signifying royalty) is above brow on the headdress, yet broken. The skin and bone structure, very much symmetrical can be shown as elegant as she looks. The artist used a contour technique to create her face, high cheekbones and the hollowness of her cheeks.. Looking at the lines used, it can be seen as subtle movements. The carved movements, help create amazing cheekbone structure. From her headdress to her cheeks, a triangle can be formed, continuing to the lines of her neck, under her chin a perfect triangle Is created. This sculpture In the round when viewed from the side, can be seen as creating a 90 degree angle. Walking around the sculpture you can see the symmetrical used to create her headdress and make this sculpture life like. Although the damages to the ear and headdress makes you realize how ancient this Is, her beauty seems to travel. How to cite Visual Description Nefertiti, Papers

Hacking Altering Confidential Information

Question: Discuss about the Term Hacking for Altering Confidential Information. Answer: Hacking can be defined as an act of altering confidential information with the main purpose of accomplishing a mission that will later end up hurting an organization or individual. These people who involve themselves in such activities are widely known as hackers. In the year 2007, it was reported that hackers had managed to gain access into the United States of Americas password-curriculum vitaes, which were stored online (Baase, 2012). It is widely believed that these hackers used the information that they had previously hacked from the Monster Worldwide Inc. that had also been stolen from its customers. It is estimated that confidential details of about 1.3 million people who were looking for jobs had been taken and was now being used to Phiz, some of the job seekers information. According to Reuters, it is strongly believed that this attack on the U.S. site was carried out using two servers that are thought to be in a Web-hosting company that is based in the Ukraine. The group that did this used some personal computers that they controlled after successfully infecting them with malicious software programs. However, according to Monster, the information that was stolen by these hackers was limited to addresses, emails addresses, addresses, and names. The Company insists that no other details apart from these were taken from its site not even the bank account numbers were uploaded. One question that is still begging for answers is that even though Monster learned of this security breach much earlier, it had not bothered to let the public know all about these happenings (Castillo, 2016). After getting the information, the hackers now started bullying the clients by for instance asking them to provide their financial data together with bank account details; the clients was also requested to click some links that later infected their personal computers with some malwares. The hackers started threatening their victims telling them to either meet their payment demands or risk loosing their files because the victims computers had already been infected with some malicious malwares. This incident had caused many people to lose their trust in the Monster Company especially for not alerting the public early enough at the time when this incidence occurred. The Right to Know As much as the Monster Company was hiding this information from the victims, this was seen to be an infringement and betrayal on the side of the victims as they have been severely affected by this incident. As if to add more problems to more people, the information that was taken from the Monster company was also used by these hackers to gain access to the U.S. website that contained resumes of about 13 million people. The victims in this incident had a right to know what was happening. This incident has made many of the Monster Company clients lose their trust in its operations (Kizza, 2013). The Right To Privacy It is very clear and evident that proper security was not well taken care of by these two organizations in securing the privacy of their clients confidential information. An individuals privacy must always be paramount in each and every organization. The institution must seek the services of well able, skilled ICT professionals to seal every loop that hackers might take advantage to compromise their client information. All organizations must always make it a habit of checking and updating their systems so as to cope up with the new emerging cybercrime threats that are invented every day by people who are only on a mission to inflict pain, blackmail, and bullying to people. The Monster Company has broken many laws that govern the conduct of companies by first of all denying the people the right to information; the company has also violated the right to privacy. This can be considered as the reckless handling of the client information (Baase, 2012). Obligations These companies have a duty to protect the information of their customers from being stolen by the hackers. The companies are the ones, which are tasked to adequately and securely do everything necessary to protect their clients from search attacks. All organizations must always update themselves with the current trends in cyber crimes. They must liaise with different stakeholders so as to forge better ways of combatting the hacking manners. However, if these organizations do not do everything in their power to control this, then many people will end up falling into the hands of these merciless hackers who will stop at nothing to infringe pain on their victims once they get hold of their victim's confidential information. The owners or managers must do everything in their power so as to keep the trust and confidence of their customers. Long and short term consequences of hacking in Organizations Beneficiaries and Losers of the hacking activities There is no doubt that many industries and organizations that specialize in technology and computer are going to benefit from these incidences or even lose drastically from them. Most renowned firms that deal in the prevention of hacking, network or software development are poised to benefit enormously from this hacking incidence of these two prominent organizations. This hacking is projected even to spread further throughout the world. Those small businesses that also specialize in this part of the sector are also expected to grow and expand, as their services will be in much more demand by the affected organizations (Kizza, 2013). However, those industries in this field whose efforts and services failed in preventing these attacks are going to face a ruined reputation hence losing a huge client base and also a capability to attract more new customers. The other people who are going to suffer are the customers who have now been turned into victims by the merciless hackers who are evil bent on making their lives a misery. Some of these customers may lose their identity, money, their confidential information and every little information that meant so much more in their life. The victims will now be living in fear, as these hackers will always be determined to harass them at every little opportunity that they get. Conclusion As the threat of cyber-attacks continues to spread organizations are under immense pressure from various stakeholders to strengthen their security systems to prevent hackers from accessing crucial confidential information of their clients. Organizations can prevent these attacks by always updating their firmware; putting very strong passwords; regularly changing the organizations Wi-Fi router password; regular patching of firewalls; enabling firewalls on the company devices and also installing antivirus. Experts in the ICT field must be encouraged so as to provide and share what they with their competitors and peers. References Baase, S. (2012). A Gift of Fire: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues for Computing Technology (4th Edition). Castillo, C. (2016). Big Crisis Data: Social Media in Disasters and Time-Critical Situations. Kizza, J. M. (2013). Ethical and Social Issues in the Information Age (Texts in Computer Science). Bibliography Tavani, Herman. (2006). Ethics and Technology: Ethical Issues in an Age of Information and Communication Technology. Watson, Tom. (2008). Cause Wired: Plugging in, Getting Involved, Changing the World.